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C# with .NET
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C# Language Table of Contents
C# Language Back Cover
C# Language Professional C# 2009 with .NET 3.0
C# Language Introduction
C# Language Looking at What’s New in the .NET Framework 2.0
C# Language Introducing the .NET Framework 3.0
C# Language Where C# Fits In
C# Language What You Need to Write and Run C# Code
C# Language What This site Covers
C# Language Conventions
C# Language Source Code
C# Language Errata
C# Language roque-patrick.com
C# Language The C# Language
C# Language .NET Architecture
C# Language The Relationship of C# to .NET
C# Language The Common Language Runtime
C# Language A Closer Look at Intermediate Language
C# Language Assemblies
C# Language .NET Framework Classes
C# Language Namespaces
C# Language Creating .NET Applications Using C#
C# Language The Role of C# in the .NET Enterprise Architecture
C# Language Summary
C# Language C# Basics
C# Language Before We Start
C# Language Your First C# Program
C# Language Variables
C# Language Predefined Data Types
C# Language Flow Control
C# Language Enumerations
C# Language Arrays
C# Language Namespaces
C# Language The Main() Method
C# Language More on Compiling C# Files
C# Language Console I/O
C# Language Using Comments
C# Language The C# Preprocessor Directives
C# Language C# Programming Guidelines
C# Language Summary
C# Language Objects and Types
C# Language Classes and Structs
C# Language Class Members
C# Language Structs
C# Language Partial Classes
C# Language Static Classes
C# Language The Object Class
C# Language Summary
C# Language Inheritance
C# Language Implementation Inheritance
C# Language Modifiers
C# Language Interfaces
C# Language Summary
C# Language Arrays
C# Language Simple Arrays
C# Language Multidimensional Arrays
C# Language Jagged Arrays
C# Language Array Class
C# Language Array and Collection Interfaces
C# Language Enumerations
C# Language Summary
C# Language Operators and Casts
C# Language Operators
C# Language Type Safety
C# Language Comparing Objects for Equality
C# Language Operator Overloading
C# Language User-Defined Casts
C# Language Summary
C# Language Delegates and Events
C# Language Delegate Inference
C# Language Anonymous Methods
C# Language Events
C# Language Summary
C# Language Strings and Regular Expressions
C# Language System.String
C# Language Regular Expressions
C# Language Summary
C# Language Generics
C# Language Overview
C# Language Creating Generic Classes
C# Language Generic Classes’ Features
C# Language Generic Interfaces
C# Language Generic Methods
C# Language Generic Delegates
C# Language Other Generic Framework Types
C# Language Summary
C# Language Collections
C# Language Collection Interfaces and Types
C# Language Lists
C# Language Queue
C# Language Stack
C# Language Linked Lists
C# Language Sorted Lists
C# Language Dictionaries
C# Language Dictionary with Multiple Keys
C# Language Bit Arrays
C# Language Performance
C# Language Summary
C# Language Memory Management and Pointers
C# Language Memory Management under the Hood
C# Language Freeing Unmanaged Resources
C# Language Unsafe Code
C# Language Summary
C# Language Reflection
C# Language Custom Attributes
C# Language Reflection
C# Language Summary
C# Language Errors and Exceptions
C# Language Looking into Errors and Exception Handling
C# Language Summary
C# Language Visual Studio
C# Language Visual Studio 2009
C# Language Refactoring
C# Language Visual Studio 2009 for .NET Framework 3.0
C# Language Summary
C# Language Deployment
C# Language Designing for Deployment
C# Language Deployment Options
C# Language Deployment Requirements
C# Language Deploying the .NET Runtime
C# Language Simple Deployment
C# Language Installer Projects
C# Language ClickOnce
C# Language Summary
C# Language Base Class Libraries
C# Language Assemblies
C# Language What Are Assemblies?
C# Language Assembly Structure
C# Language Cross-Language Support
C# Language Global Assembly Cache
C# Language Creating Shared Assemblies
C# Language Configuration
C# Language Summary
C# Language Tracing and Events
C# Language Tracing
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C# Language Performance Monitoring
C# Language Summary
C# Language Threading and Synchronization
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C# Language Asynchronous Delegates
C# Language The Thread Class
C# Language Thread Pools
C# Language Threading Issues
C# Language Synchronization
C# Language COM Apartments
C# Language Background Worker
C# Language Summary
C# Language .NET Security
C# Language Code Access Security
C# Language Support for Security in the Framework
C# Language Managing Security Policies
C# Language Role-Based Security
C# Language Summary
C# Language Localization
C# Language Namespace System.Globalization
C# Language Resources
C# Language Localization Example Using Visual Studio
C# Language Localization with ASP.NET
C# Language A Custom Resource Reader
C# Language Creating Custom Cultures
C# Language Summary
C# Language Transactions
C# Language Overview
C# Language Database and Classes
C# Language Traditional Transactions
C# Language System.Transactions
C# Language Isolation Level
C# Language Custom Resource Managers
C# Language Transactions with Windows Vista
C# Language Summary
C# Language Windows Services
C# Language What Is a Windows Service?
C# Language Windows Services Architecture
C# Language System.ServiceProcess Namespace
C# Language Creating a Windows Service
C# Language Monitoring and Controlling the Service
C# Language Troubleshooting
C# Language Power Events
C# Language Summary
C# Language COM Interoperability
C# Language .NET and COM
C# Language Marshaling
C# Language Using a COM Component from a .NET Client
C# Language Using a .NET Component from a COM Client
C# Language Platform Invoke
C# Language Summary
C# Language Data
C# Language Manipulating Files and the Registry
C# Language Managing the File System
C# Language Moving, Copying, and Deleting Files
C# Language Reading and Writing to Files
C# Language Reading Drive Information
C# Language File Security
C# Language Reading and Writing to the Registry
C# Language Reading and Writing to Isolated Storage
C# Language Summary
C# Language Data Access with .NET
C# Language ADO.NET Overview
C# Language Using Database Connections
C# Language Commands
C# Language Fast Data Access: The Data Reader
C# Language Managing Data and Relationships: The DataSet Class
C# Language Populating a DataSet
C# Language Persisting DataSet Changes
C# Language Working with ADO.NET
C# Language Summary
C# Language Manipulating XML
C# Language XML Standards Support in .NET
C# Language Introducing the System.Xml Namespace
C# Language Using MSXML in .NET
C# Language Using System.Xml Classes
C# Language Reading and Writing Streamed XML
C# Language Using the DOM in .NET
C# Language Using XPathNavigators
C# Language XML and ADO.NET
C# Language Serializing Objects in XML
C# Language Summary
C# Language .NET Programming with SQL Server 2009
C# Language .NET Runtime Host
C# Language Microsoft.SqlServer.Server
C# Language User-Defined Types
C# Language Stored Procedures
C# Language User-Defined Functions
C# Language Triggers
C# Language XML Data Type
C# Language Summary
C# Language Presentation
C# Language Windows Forms
C# Language Creating a Windows Form Application
C# Language Control Class
C# Language Standard Controls and Components
C# Language Forms
C# Language Summary
C# Language Viewing .NET Data
C# Language The DataGridView Control
C# Language DataGridView Class Hierarchy
C# Language Data Binding
C# Language Visual Studio .NET and Data Access
C# Language Summary
C# Language Graphics with GDI+
C# Language Understanding Drawing Principles
C# Language Measuring Coordinates and Areas
C# Language A Note about Debugging
C# Language Drawing Scrollable Windows
C# Language World, Page, and Device Coordinates
C# Language Colors
C# Language The Safety Palette
C# Language Pens and Brushes
C# Language Drawing Shapes and Lines
C# Language Displaying Images
C# Language Issues When Manipulating Images
C# Language Drawing Text
C# Language Simple Text Example
C# Language Fonts and Font Families
C# Language Example: Enumerating Font Families
C# Language Editing a Text Document: The CapsEditor Sample
C# Language Printing
C# Language Summary
C# Language Windows Presentation Foundation
C# Language Overview
C# Language Shapes
C# Language Controls
C# Language Layout
C# Language Event Handling
C# Language Commands
C# Language Styles, Templates, and Resources
C# Language Styles
C# Language Animations
C# Language Data Binding
C# Language Windows Forms Integration
C# Language Summary
C# Language ASP.NET Pages
C# Language ASP.NET Introduction
C# Language ASP.NET Web Forms
C# Language ADO.NET and Data Binding
C# Language Application Configuration
C# Language Summary
C# Language ASP.NET Development
C# Language Custom Controls
C# Language Master Pages
C# Language Site Navigation
C# Language Security
C# Language Themes
C# Language Web Parts
C# Language Summary
C# Language ASP.NET AJAX
C# Language What Is Ajax?
C# Language What Is ASP.NET AJAX?
C# Language ASP.NET AJAX-Enabled Web Sites
C# Language Summary
C# Language Communication
C# Language Accessing the Internet
C# Language The WebClient Class
C# Language WebRequest and WebResponse Classes
C# Language Displaying Output as an HTML Page
C# Language Utility Classes
C# Language Lower-Level Protocols
C# Language Summary
C# Language Web Services with ASP.NET
C# Language SOAP
C# Language WSDL
C# Language Web Services
C# Language Extending the Event-siteing Example
C# Language Exchanging Data Using SOAP Headers
C# Language Summary
C# Language .NET Remoting
C# Language What Is .NET Remoting?
C# Language .NET Remoting Overview
C# Language Contexts
C# Language Remote Objects, Clients, and Servers
C# Language .NET Remoting Architecture
C# Language Miscellaneous .NET Remoting Features
C# Language Summary
C# Language Enterprise Services
C# Language Overview
C# Language Creating a Simple COM+ Application
C# Language Deployment
C# Language Component Services Explorer
C# Language Client Application
C# Language Transactions
C# Language Sample Application
C# Language Integrating WCF and Enterprise Services
C# Language Summary
C# Language Message Queuing
C# Language Overview
C# Language Message Queuing Products
C# Language Message Queuing Architecture
C# Language Message Queuing Administrative Tools
C# Language Programming Message Queuing
C# Language Course Order Application
C# Language Receiving Results
C# Language Transactional Queues
C# Language Message Queue Installation
C# Language Summary
C# Language Windows Communication Foundation
C# Language Overview
C# Language Simple Service and Client
C# Language Contracts
C# Language Service Implementation
C# Language Binding
C# Language Hosting
C# Language Clients
C# Language Duplex Communication
C# Language Summary
C# Language Windows Workflow Foundation
C# Language Activities
C# Language Custom Activities
C# Language Workflows
C# Language The Workflow Runtime
C# Language Workflow Services
C# Language Hosting Workflows
C# Language The Workflow Designer
C# Language Summary
C# Language Download Details
C# Language Directory Services
C# Language The Architecture of Active Directory
C# Language Administration Tools for Active Directory
C# Language Programming Active Directory
C# Language Searching for User Objects
C# Language DSML
C# Language Summary
C# Language Part VII: Additional Information
C# Language C#, Visual Basic, and C++/CLI
C# Language Namespaces
C# Language Defining Types
C# Language Methods
C# Language Static Members
C# Language Arrays
C# Language Control Statements
C# Language Loops
C# Language Exception Handling
C# Language Inheritance
C# Language Resource Management
C# Language Delegates
C# Language Events
C# Language Generics
C# Language C++/CLI Mixing Native and Managed Code
C# Language Summary
C# Language Windows Vista
C# Language Vista Bridge
C# Language User Account Control
C# Language Directory Structure
C# Language New Controls and Dialogs
C# Language Search
C# Language Summary
C# Language Language Integrated Query
C# Language Traditional Queries
C# Language LINQ Query
C# Language Query Expressions
C# Language Extension Methods
C# Language Standard Query Operators
C# Language Lambda Expressions
C# Language Deferred Query Execution
C# Language Expression Trees
C# Language Type Inference
C# Language Object and Collection Initializers
C# Language Anonymous Types
C# Language Summary
C# Language Index
C# Language A
C# Language B
C# Language C
C# Language D
C# Language E
C# Language F
C# Language G
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Chapter 3: Objects and Types

Overview

So far, you’ve been introduced to some of the main building blocks that make up the C# language, including declaring variables, data types, and program flow statements, and you have seen a couple of very short complete programs containing little more than the Main() method. What you haven’t really seen is how you can put all these together to form a longer, complete program. The key to this lies in working with classes - the subject of this chapter. In particular, this chapter covers:

  • The differences between classes and structs

  • Fields, properties, and methods

  • Passing values by value and reference

  • Method overloading

  • Constructors and static constructors

  • Read-only fields

  • The Object class, from which all other types are derived

Inheritance and features related to inheritance are discussed in Chapter 4, “Inheritance.â€

Important 

This chapter introduces the basic syntax associated with classes. However, we assume that you are already familiar with the underlying principles of using classes - for example, that you know what a constructor or a property is, and this chapter is largely confined to applying those principles in C# code.

This chapter introduces and explains those concepts that are not necessarily supported by most object-oriented languages. For example, although object constructors are a widely used concept that you should be familiar with, static constructors are something new to C#, so this chapter explains how static constructors work.


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